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Pitakonan: Aku maca hadits babagan nabi saw ngidini wong lanang ndeleng wong wadon sadurunge mutusake arep omah-omah utawa ora.. Pitakonanku yaiku, what exactelly is the person allowed to see exactelly?
Is he allowed to see her hair (entire head) ?

Puji syukur dumateng Allah.

Islam commands us to lower our gaze and forbids looking at non-mahram women. This is in order to purify people’s souls and protect their honour. Ana, nanging, certain exceptions in which it is permissible to look at a non-mahram woman for reasons of necessity, one of which is in the case of proposing marriage, because it is the basis on which a very important decision affecting a person’s life will be taken. There are texts which indicate that it is permissible to look at one’s fiancée, as follows:

From Jaabir ibn ‘Abd-Allaah: “The Messenger of Allaah (shalawat lan salam mugi kaparingaken dhumateng Allah SWT) ngandika: ‘If one of you proposes marriage to a woman, if he can look at her to see that which will encourage him to go ahead and marry her, then let him do so.’ I proposed marriage to a young woman, and I used to hide where I could see her, until I saw that which encouraged me to go ahead and marry her, so I did so.’”

According to another report he said, ‘a young woman of Bani Salamah. I used to hide from her, until I saw that which encouraged me to go ahead and marry her, so I did so.” (Saheeh Abi Dawood, ora. 1832, 1834)

From Abu Hurayrah: “I was with the Prophet (shalawat lan salam mugi kaparingaken dhumateng Allah SWT) when a man came and told him that he had married a woman of the Ansaar. Rasulullah saw (shalawat lan salam mugi kaparingaken dhumateng Allah SWT) ngandika marang dheweke, ‘Have you seen her?' Dheweke ngandika, ‘No.’ He said, ‘Go and look at her, for there is something in the eyes of the Ansaar.” (Kacarita dening Muslim, ora. 1424; and by al-Daaraqutni, 3/253 (34))

From al-Mugheerah ibn Shu’bah: “I proposed marriage to a woman, and the Messenger of Allaah (shalawat lan salam mugi kaparingaken dhumateng Allah SWT) ngandika: ‘Have you seen her?’ I said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘Look at her, because it is more fitting that love and compatibility be established between you.’” According to another report: “So he did that, and he married her and mentioned that they got along.” (Reported by al-Daaraqutni, 3/252 (31, 32); Ibnu Majah, 1/574)

From Sahl ibn Sa’d (mugi-mugi Allah ridha kaliyan piyambakipun): “A woman came to the Messenger of Allaah (shalawat lan salam mugi kaparingaken dhumateng Allah SWT) lan ngandika: Aku rumangsa rada bingung kepiye carane bisa ngevaluasi apa aku nggedhekake anak-anakku kanthi becik lan apa maneh sing kudu ditindakake utawa ora.Ya Rasulullah, I have come to give myself to you (in marriage).” The Messenger of Allaah (shalawat lan salam mugi kaparingaken dhumateng Allah SWT) looked at her closely, then he lowered his head. When the woman saw that he had not made a decision about her, she sat down. One of his Companions stood up and said, Ya Rasulullah, if you do not want her, then marry her to me…’” (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 7/19; Muslim, 4/143; al-Nisaa’i, 6/113 bi Sharh al-Suyooti; al-Bayhaqi, 7/84)

The sayings of the scholars on the extent to which one may look at one’s fiancée

Al-Shaafa’i (mugi-mugi Allah paring rahmat dhateng panjenenganipun) ngandika: “If he wants to marry a woman, dheweke iku not allowed to see her without a headcover. He may look at her face and hands when she is covered, with or without her permission. Allah ngandika (interpretasi makna):‘… and not to show off their adornment except only that which is apparent…’ [al-Nur 24:31].ngandika: ‘The face and hands.’” (al-Haawi al-Kabeer, 9/34).

Imaam al-Nawawi said in Rawdat al-Taalibeen wa ‘Umdat al-Mufteen (7, 19-20): “When (a man) wants to marry (a woman), it is preferable (mustahabb) for him to look at her so that he will have no regrets. According to another view, it is not preferable but it is allowed. The first view is correct because of the ahaadeeth, and it is permitted to look repeatedly, with or without her permission. If it is not easy to look at her, he may send a woman to check her out and describe her to him. A woman may also look at a man if she wants to marry him, for she will like in him what he likes in her. What is permissible for him to look at is the face and hands, front and back. He should not look at anything else.”

Abu Haneefah permitted looking at the feet as well as the face and hands. (Bidaayah al-Mujtahid wa Nihayyat al-Muqtasid, 3/10)

Ibn Rushd also quoted it as above. “It is permissible to look at the face, hands and feet, and no more than that.”

Among the reports from the madhhab of Imaam Maalik:

He may look at the face and hands only.

He may look at the face, hands and forearms only.

A number of reports were narrated from Imaam Ahmad (mugi-mugi Allah paring rahmat dhateng panjenenganipun), one of which says that he may look at the face and forearms.

The second says that he may look at what usually appears such as the neck, calves and so on.

This was quoted by Ibn Qudaamah in al-Mughni (7/454), Imaam Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah in Tahdheeb al-Sunan (3/25-26), and al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar in Fath al-Baari (11/78)… The reliable opinion in the books of the Hanbalis is the second opinion.

From the above, it is clear that the majority of scholars say that a man is allowed to look at his fiancée’s face and hands, because the face indicates beauty or ugliness, and the hands indicate the slimness or plumpness (secara harfiah, ‘fertility’) of the body.

Abu’l-Faraj al-Maqdisi said: “There is no dispute among the scholars that he is permitted to look at the face.. the focus of beauty and the place at which one looks.”

Ruling on touching one’s fiancée or being alone with her

Al-Zayla’i (mugi-mugi Allah paring rahmat dhateng panjenenganipun) ngandika: “It is not permissible for him to touch her face or hands – even if is sure that this will not provoke desire – because she is still haraam for him, and there is no need for him to do so.” In Durar al-Bihaar it says: “It is not permitted for the qaadi, the witnesses or the fiancé to touch her, even if they are sure that this will not provoke desire, because there is no need for that…” (Radd al-Muhtaar ‘ala’l-Durr al-Mukhtaar, 5/237)

Ibn Qudaamah said: Aku rumangsa rada bingung kepiye carane bisa ngevaluasi apa aku nggedhekake anak-anakku kanthi becik lan apa maneh sing kudu ditindakake utawa ora.It is not permitted for him to be alone with her, because she is forbidden and Islam only allows him to look, thus khulwah (being alone with her) remains forbidden, and because there is no certainty that nothing forbidden will take place if he is alone with her, minangka Nabi (shalawat lan salam mugi kaparingaken dhumateng Allah SWT) ngandika: ‘No man is alone with a woman, but the Shaytaan is the third one present.’ He should not look at her in a lustful or suspicious manner. Ahmad ngandika, in a report narrated by Saalih, ‘He may look at the face, but not in a lustful manner.’ He may look repeatedly, and examine her beauty, because the aim cannot be achieved in any other way.”

The fiancée’s permission to look

A man is permitted to look at the woman to whom he wishes to propose marriage, even without her permission or knowledge. This is what is indicated by the saheeh ahaadeeth.

Al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar said in Fath al-Baari (9/157): “The majority of scholars said: he is permitted to look at her if he wishes without her permission.”

The hadeeth scholar Shaykh Muhammad Naasir al-Deen al-Albaani said in al-Silsilat al-Saheehah (1/156), supporting this view: “Similar evidence is seen in the words of the Prophet (shalawat lan salam mugi kaparingaken dhumateng Allah SWT) in the hadeeth, ‘Even if she does not know.’ This is supported by the actions of the Sahaabah (may Allaah be pleased with them), in accordance with the Sunnah, such as Muhammad ibn Muslimah and Jaabir ibn ‘Abd-Allaah, both of whom hid so as to see of their fiancées that which would encourage them to go ahead and marry them…”

Note:
Shaykh al-Albaani also said (op.cit., p. 156):

“From Anas ibn Maalik (mugi-mugi Allah ridha kaliyan piyambakipun)” ‘The Prophet (shalawat lan salam mugi kaparingaken dhumateng Allah SWT) wanted to marry a woman, so he sent another woman to look at her and said, “Smell her mouth (front teeth) and look at the back of her ankles.”

(Reported by al-Haakim, 2/166, who said it is saheeh according to the conditions of Muslim, and al-Dhahabi agreed with him. Also reported by al-Bayhaqi, 7/87. In Majma’ al-Zawaa’id (4/507) ngandika, ‘”Reported by Ahmad and al-Bazzaar, and the men of al-Bazzaar are thiqaat.”)

Ing Mughni al-Muhtaaj (2/128) iku ngandika: “What we understand from this report is that the one who is sent may describe to the one who sends her more than that which he himself may see, so this sending achieves more than just looking.”

Lan Allah iku luwih ngerti.
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Sumber : Islam Q&A
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid

http://islamqa.info/en/ref/2572