Women's Rights according to the Sunnah

Futhi kwabesifazane amalungelo phezu kwabesilisa afana nalawo amadoda phezu kwabesifazane. (2:226)

I-Qur'an, ekukhulumeni namakholwa, ngokuvamile isebenzisa inkulumo,‘abesilisa nabesifazane abakholwayo’ ukugcizelela ukulingana kwabesilisa nabesifazane mayelana nemisebenzi yabo, amalungelo, ubuhle nokufaneleka. Ithi:

Kwabesilisa nabesifazane abangamaSulumane, kwabesilisa nabesifazane abakholwayo, kwabesilisa nabesifazane abazinikele, kwabesilisa nabesifazane beqiniso, kwabesilisa nabesifazane abanesineke futhi abangaguquki, kwabesilisa nabesifazane abazithobayo, kwabesilisa nabesifazane abanikela ngokupha, kwabesilisa nabesifazane abazila ukudla, kwabesilisa nabesifazane abaqapha ubumsulwa babo, kanye nabesilisa nabesifazane abahlanganyela kakhulu ekudumiseni uNkulunkulu, ngoba uNkulunkulu ubalungisele intethelelo nomvuzo omkhulu. (33:35)

Lokhu kuphikisana ngokusobala nokushiwo abanye oFata abangamaKristu ukuthi abesifazane abanayo imiphefumulo nokuthi bayoba abantu abangenazo ubulili empilweni elandelayo.. I-Qur'an ithi abesifazane banemiphefumulo efana ncamashi neyabesilisa futhi bazongena ePharadesi uma benza okuhle :

Ngena ePharadesi, wena nomkakho, ngenjabulo. (43:70) Ubani owenza lokho okulungile, futhi uyakholwa, kungaba owesilisa noma owesifazane, him or her intando Sisheshisa ekuphileni okujabulisayo. (16:97)

I-Qur’an iyala labo besilisa abacindezela noma abaphatha kabi abantu besifazane:

O nina enikholwayo! Ninqatshelwe ukudla ifa labesifazane ngokungafuni kwabo. Akufanele futhi ubaphathe ngokhahlo, ukuze nithathe ingxenye yelobolo elibanike lona – ngaphandle uma sebenecala lokuxhwala obala. Kunalokho hlala nabo ngezinyawo zomusa nokulingana. Uma uthatha ukungathandi kubo, kungenzeka ukuthi awukuthandi okuthile futhi uNkulunkulu uzoletha ngakho okuningi okuhle. (4:19)

Uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi ngaphambi kokufika kwe-Islam ama-Arab angamaqaba ayengcwaba izingane zawo wesifazane ziphila, benza abesifazane badanse benqunu eduze kwaseKa’ba ngesikhathi semibukiso yabo yaminyaka yonke, futhi baphathe abesifazane njengezingxoxo nje nezinto zokujabulisa ubulili — abangenamalungelo noma isikhundla, lezi zimfundiso zeNoble Qur’an zaziwuguquko. Ngokungafani nezinye izinkolo, eyayithatha abesifazane njengabanesono nobubi abazalwa nabo, futhi amadoda anamandla angokwemvelo kanye nezicukuthwane, I-Islam ibheka abesilisa nabesifazane njengabantu bengqikithi efanayo edalwe ngomphefumulo owodwa. I-Qur'an iyamemezela:

O bantu! Hlonipha uMlondolozi wakho-uNkosi, owakudala kumuntu oyedwa, kudaliwe, efana nemvelo, umngane wakhe, futhi kusukela kulaba ababili bahlakazekile (njengembewu) amadoda nabesifazane abaningi. Hlonipha uNkulunkulu, Ngaye nifuna ukufana kwenu (amalungelo), futhi nihloniphe izibeletho (lokho kwakuzalisa); ngokuba uNkulunkulu ukubhekile njalo. (4:1)

Umprofethi we-Islam, ukuthula kube kuye, kusho, “Abesifazane bangamawele amabili amadoda”. I-Qur’an igcizelela ubunye obubalulekile bamadoda nabesifazane ngomfanekiso omuhle kakhulu:

Bona (abafazi benu) uyisambatho sakho, wena uyisambatho sabo. (2:187)

Njengoba nje ingubo ifihla ubunqunu bethu, kanjalo nendoda nomfazi, ngokungena ebudlelwaneni bomshado, gcina ubumsulwa bomunye nomunye. Ingubo inika induduzo emzimbeni; kanjalo nendoda ithola induduzo ebudlelwaneni bomkayo kanye naye kweyakhe. “Ingubo ingumusa, ubuhle, ukuhlobisa umzimba, kanjalo nabafazi bawo emadodeni abo njengokuba amadoda abo kubo.” I-Islam ayimbheki owesifazane “ithuluzi likaDeveli”, kodwa kunalokho iKur’an imbiza ngokuthi muhsana – inqaba ngokumelene noSathane ngoba owesifazane omuhle, ngokushada nendoda, kumsiza ukuthi agcine indlela yokulunga empilweni yakhe. Kungalesi sizathu umshado wacatshangelwa nguMprofethi uMuhammad, ukuthula kube kuye, njengesenzo esihle kakhulu. Uthe: “Uma indoda ishada, useqede ingxenye eyodwa yenkolo yakhe.” Wayala umshado kumaMuslim ngokuthi: “Umshado uyingxenye yendlela yami futhi odedayo endleleni yami akasuki kimi (i.e. akasiye umlandeli wami).” I-Qur'an inikeze i- raison d'être yomshado ngala mazwi alandelayo:

Futhi phakathi kwezibonakaliso zaKhe yilokhu, ukuthi Unidalele oshade naye phakathi kwenu, ukuze uhlale nabo ngokuthula; futhi Ubeke uthando nomusa phakathi kwenu. Impela kulokho kukhona izibonakaliso kulabo abacabangayo. (30:21)

Umprofethi Muhammad, ukuthula kube kuye, yayigcwele indumiso yabesifazane abalungile nabamsulwa. Uthe: “Umhlaba nazo zonke izinto ezisemhlabeni ziyigugu kodwa into eyigugu kakhulu emhlabeni owesifazane oqotho.” Wake watshela uKhalifa wakusasa, ‘Umar: “Anginazise yini ngomcebo ongcono kakhulu ongenziwa yindoda? Ungumfazi oqotho omthokozisayo njalo uma ebheke ngakuye, nozilindayo lapho engekho kuye.” Kwezinye izikhathi uMprofethi, ukuthula kube kuye, kusho: “Impahla engcono kakhulu owesilisa angaba nayo ulimi olukhumbulayo (i.e. elikhumbula uNkulunkulu), inhliziyo ebongayo nomfazi okholwayo omsizayo okholweni lwakhe.” Futhi futhi: Futhi: “Lapho umSulumane engumuntu onobuntu futhi onomusa kumkakhe, uphelele kakhulu ekukholweni.” UMprofethi, ukuthula kube kuye, wayegcizelela kakhulu ekuyala amaSulumane ukuba abe nomusa kwabesifazane bawo lapho ethula intshumayelo yakhe edumile (Isi-Arabhu: khutba eNtabeni Yomusa, e-Arafat, phambi kwabangane bakhe abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amabili nane ababebuthene lapho ngeHajj al-Wada (Farewell Pilgrimage). Kuyo wayala ababekhona, nangawo wonke lawo maMuslim ayezofika kamuva, ukuhlonipha nokuba nomusa kubantu besifazane. Uthe:

“Mesabeni uNkulunkulu ngokuqondene nabesifazane. Impela senibashadisile ngokwethemba Allah, futhi benza imizimba yabo ibe semthethweni ngezwi likaNkulunkulu. Unakho (amalungelo) phezu kwabo, futhi sebetholile (amalungelo) phezu kwenu ngokudla kwabo nezambatho zabo ngokwemikhono yenu.”

E-Islam owesifazane ungubuntu obuzimele ngokuphelele. Angenza noma iyiphi inkontileka noma ifa egameni lakhe. Unelungelo lokuthola ifa esikhundleni sakhe njengomama, njengomfazi, njengodadewabo nanjengendodakazi. Unenkululeko ephelele yokukhetha umyeni wakhe. Umphakathi wamaqaba we-Arabia yangaphambi kobuSulumane wawunobandlululo olungenangqondo ngezingane zabo zesifazane ezazibangcwaba ziphila.. IsiThunywa sikaNkulunkulu, ukuthula kube kuye, wawumelene ngokuphelele nalo mkhuba. Wababonisa ukuthi ukweseka izingane zabo zesifazane kwakuyoba isivikelo sabo emlilweni wesiHogo:

Ilandiswa ngunkosikazi woMprofethi, 'Aisha, ukuthi owesifazane wangena endlini yakhe namadodakazi akhe amabili. Wacela usizo kodwa u-A'isha akatholanga lutho ngaphandle kosuku, eyaphiwa yona. Owesifazane wahlukanisela amadodakazi akhe amabili, akadlanga yena. Wasukuma wahamba. Lapho uMprofethi, ukuthula kube kuye, weza endlini, ‘U-A’isha wamtshela ngokwenzekile futhi wamemezela ukuthi ngesikhathi lo wesifazane ezolandisa (ngoSuku Lokwahlulela) mayelana namadodakazi akhe amabili, babezomvikela emlilweni wesiHogo.

Inhlekelele embi kakhulu kowesifazane yilapho umyeni wakhe edlula emhlabeni futhi, njengomfelokazi, umthwalo wokondla izingane uphezu kwakhe. Ezweni laseMpumalanga, lapho owesifazane engaphumi njalo ukuyoziphilisa, izinkinga zobufelokazi azichazeki. Umprofethi Muhammad, ukuthula kube kuye, wamela indaba yabafelokazi. Iningi lamakhosikazi akhe lalingabafelokazi. Enkathini lapho abafelokazi babengavunyelwe ukuphinde bashade, uMprofethi wakhuthaza abalandeli bakhe ukuba babashade. Wayehlale ekulungele ukusiza abafelokazi futhi wakhuthaza abalandeli bakhe ukuba benze okufanayo. U-Abu Hurairah wabika ukuthi uMprofethi wathi: “Lowo owenza imizamo (ukusiza) umfelokazi noma umuntu ompofu ufana ne-mujahid (iqhawe) endleleni kaNkulunkulu, noma njengalowo osukuma akhuleke ubusuku bonke futhi azile ukudla usuku lonke.”

Owesifazane njengomama uyala inhlonipho enkulu Islam. I-Noble Qur’an ikhuluma ngamalungelo kamama ngamavesi amaningana. Iyala amaSulumane ukuthi ahloniphe omama bawo futhi abakhonze kahle noma bengakholwa. UMprofethi, ukuthula kube kuye, isho ngokugcizelela ukuthi amalungelo kamama abalulekile. U-Abu Hurairah wabika ukuthi indoda ethile yeza kuSithunywa sikaNkulunkulu, ukuthula kube kuye, wabuza: “O, isithunywa sikaNkulunkulu, ongumuntu onelungelo elikhulu kimi mayelana nomusa nokunaka?” Waphendula, “Umama wakho.” “Bese kubani?” Waphendula, “Umama wakho.” “Bese kubani?” Waphendula, “Umama wakho.” “Bese kubani?” Waphendula, “Ubaba wakho.”

Kwelinye isiko, uMprofethi weluleka ikholwa ukuthi lingazihlanganisi nempi emelene namaKuraish (i.e. abangakholwayo abangamaqaba ngaleso sikhathi) ekuvikeleni Islam, kodwa ukunakekela unina, ethi ukukhonza kwakhe unina kwakuyoba isizathu sokusindiswa kwakhe. Mu'awiyah, indodana kaJahima, wabika ukuthi uJahimah weza kuMprofethi, ukuthula kube kuye, wathi: “Isithunywa sikaNkulunkulu! Ngifuna ukujoyina ukulwa (endleleni kaNkulunkulu) futhi ngize ukuzofuna iseluleko sakho.” Uthe, “Bese uhlala enkonzweni kamama wakho, ngoba iPharadesi liphansi kwenyawo zakhe.”

Abalandeli boMprofethi bazamukela izimfundiso zakhe futhi baletha uguquko esimweni sabo senhlalo kubantu besifazane. Babengasabheki abesifazane njengezingxoxo nje, kodwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi. Ngokokuqala ngqa abesifazane banikezwa ilungelo lokuba nesabelo efeni. Esimeni esisha senhlalo, abesifazane baphinde bazitholela bona futhi baba ngamalungu akhuthele omphakathi enikela inkonzo ewusizo phakathi nezimpi ama-Arab angamaqaba ayeziphoqelela kumphakathi wamaMuslim asafufusa.. Athwala ukudla kwamasosha, wabancela, futhi waze walwa kanye nabo uma kudingekile. Kwaba yinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ukubona abesifazane besiza abayeni babo emasimini, ukwenza uhwebo nebhizinisi ngokuzimela, nokuphuma ezindlini zabo ukuze banelise izidingo zabo.

‘U-A’isha wabika ukuthi uSaudah bint Zam’ah waphuma ngobusuku obubodwa. ‘U-Umar wambona futhi wamazi futhi wathi, “NgoNkulunkulu, O Sauda, kungani ungazifihli kithi?” Wabuyela kuMprofethi, ukuthula kube kuye, wamtshela ngakho esidla ekamelweni lakhe, wathi: “Kuvunyelwe nguNkulunkulu ukuthi uphume ngezidingo zakho.” Umbono ogqame ezimfundisweni zamaSulumane maqondana namadoda nabesifazane ukuthi indoda nomfazi kufanele babe abalingani abagcwele ekwenzeni ikhaya labo libe yindawo ejabulisayo nephumelelayo., nokuthi kufanele bathembeke futhi bathembeke komunye nomunye, futhi banesithakazelo sangempela enhlalakahleni yomunye nomunye nasenhlalakahleni yezingane zabo. Owesifazane ulindeleke ukuba abe nethonya elibonisa ubuntu kumyeni wakhe futhi athambise ukuqina emvelweni yakhe. Indoda iyalwa ukuba ifundise abesifazane abaphethe ukuze bahlakulele izimfanelo abanazo, ngemvelo yabo, kuhle kakhulu.

Lezi zingxenye zagcizelelwa kakhulu nguMprofethi, ukuthula kube kuye. Wanxusa amadoda ukuba ashade abesifazane abaqotho futhi abesifazane bathembeke kubayeni babo futhi babe nomusa ezinganeni zabo. Uthe: “Phakathi kwabalandeli bami abesilisa abangcono kunabo bonke kubafazi babo, futhi abangcono kakhulu kwabesifazane yilabo abangcono kakhulu kubayeni babo. Kulowo nalowo kwabesifazane abanjalo kubekwe umvuzo olingana nomvuzo wamakholwa ayinkulungwane. Phakathi kwabalandeli bami, futhi, abangcono kunabo bonke abesifazane yilabo abasiza abayeni babo emsebenzini wabo, futhi ubathande kakhulu kukho konke, gcina lokho okuphambene nemithetho kaNkulunkulu.”

Ngesinye isikhathi uMu’awiyah wabuza umProfethi, ukuthula kube kuye: “Imaphi amalungelo umfazi anawo kumyeni wakhe?” UMprofethi, ukuthula kube kuye, kuphendula: “Mphakele uma uthatha ukudla kwakho, mnike izingubo zokugqoka lapho ugqoke izingubo, gwema ukumshaya ngempama noma ukumhlukumeza, futhi ungahlukani nomkakho, ngaphandle kwendlu.” Kwake kwafika owesifazane kuMprofethi, ukuthula kube kuye, ngesikhalo ngomyeni wakhe. Wamtshela: “Akekho umuntu wesifazane osusa okuthile ukuze abuyisele endaweni yayo efanele, ngenhloso yokulungisa umuzi womyeni wakhe, kodwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukubeke njengokuhle kuye. Futhi ayikho indoda ehamba nomkakhe bebambene ngezandla, kodwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukubeke njengokuhle kuye; futhi uma egaxa ingalo yakhe ehlombe ngothando, ubuhle bakhe banda ngokuphindwe kashumi.” Wake wezwakala encoma abesifazane besizwe samaKuraish, ethi: ” . . . ngoba banomusa kakhulu kubantwana babo beseyizinsana futhi ngoba baqapha ngokucophelela impahla yabayeni babo.”

I-Shari'ah (Umthetho wamaSulumane) ibheka abesifazane njengabalingana namadoda ngokomoya nangokwengqondo. Umehluko omkhulu owenzayo phakathi kwabo usendaweni ebonakalayo ngokusekelwe esimisweni esilinganayo sokuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi ngendlela efanele.. Kunikeza indoda umsebenzi onzima ngokwengeziwe futhi kuyenza ibe nomthwalo wemfanelo wokunakekela umkhaya. Inika owesifazane umsebenzi wokuphatha ikhaya kanye nokukhulisa nokuqeqesha izingane, umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wokwakha umphakathi onempilo nophumelelayo.

Kuyiqiniso, nokho, ukuthi ukuphatha okuphusile ngaphakathi emkhakheni wasekhaya akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwenqubomgomo ebumbene. Ngaleso sizathu iShari’ah idinga indoda, njengenhloko yomndeni, ukubonisana nomndeni wakhe bese kuba nezwi lokugcina ezinqumweni eziphathelene nawo. Ngokwenza lokho akumele asebenzise ilungelo lakhe lokulimaza umkakhe. Noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwalesi simiso kuhilela kuye ingozi yokulahlekelwa umusa kaNkulunkulu, ngoba umkakhe akakho ngaphansi kwakhe kodwa uyena, ukusebenzisa amazwi oMprofethi, ukuthula kube kuye, ‘indlovukazi yendlu yakhe’, futhi lesi yisikhundla ikholwa leqiniso okulindeleke ukuba lisinike umkakhe. Ngokuphambene nalezi zimfundiso ezikhanyisiwe ze-Islam maqondana nabesifazane, Inkulumo yaseNtshonalanga yenkululeko noma inkululeko yabesifazane empeleni iwuhlobo olucashile lokuxhaphaza umzimba wakhe., ukuphucwa udumo lwakhe, nokwehliswa komphefumulo wakhe!

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